Earth mover’s distance as a measure of CP violation

The Measure of Strong CP Violation

We investigate a controversial issue on the measure of CP violation in strong interactions. In the presence of nontrivial topological gauge configurations, the θ-term in QCD has a profound effect: it breaks the CP symmetry. The CP-violating amplitude is shown to be determined by the vacuum tunneling process, where the semiclassical method makes most sense. We discuss a long-standing dispute on ...

Revision of a fuzzy distance measure

Measure of the size of CP violation in extended models

In this letter we introduce a possible measure of the size of CP violation in the Standard Model and its extensions, based on quantities invariant under the change of weak quark basis. We also introduce a measure of the " average size " of CP violation in a model, which can be used to compare the size of CP violation in models involving extra sequential or vector-like quarks, or left-right symm...

Degree of Optimality as a Measure of Distance of Power System Operation from Optimal Operation

This paper presents an algorithm based on inter-solutions of having scheduled electricity generation resources and the fuzzy logic as a sublimation tool of outcomes obtained from the schedule inter-solutions. The goal of the algorithm is to bridge the conflicts between minimal cost and other aspects of generation. In the past, the optimal scheduling of electricity generation resources has been ...

How to Measure CP Violation in Neutrino Oscillation Experiments?

We propose a new method for measuring CP violation in neutrino oscillation experiments. The idea is to isolate the term due to the CP -violating phase out of the oscillation probability by taking difference between yields of two (or three) detectors at path-lengths L = 250 (